Convertible barrier for substances floating on water

ABSTRACT

A barrier for substances floating on water having a flotation member and a liquid pervious and a liquid impervious skirt depending therefrom. The liquid impervious skirt is deflected at currents greater than about one knot and the oily substances are treated with a particulate oleophilic-hydrophobic substance less dense than water for retention by said liquid pervious skirt.

l United States Patent 1 1 1111 3,783,621

Preus et al. Jan. 8, 1974 [54] CONVERTIBLE BARRIER FOR 3,499,290 3/1970 Smith 151/! F SUBSTANCES FLOATING ON WATER 3,537,587 11/1970 Kam 61/1 F X 3,590,584 7/1971 Fitzgerald 61/1 F [76] Inventors: Paul Preus, PO. Box 1002, Toms 2%? ag' Primary Examiner.lacob Shapiro a ag i M d 123 Assistant ExaminerPhilip C. Kannan Annapo Att0rneyJohn J. Gallagher [22] Filed: June 5, 1972 [21] Appl. No.: 259,559 [57] ABSTRACT Related US Application Data A barrier for substances floating on water having a 110- tation member and a llqllld perv1ous and a liquid 1m- [62] Dlvlslo" of 1371799 1971 pervious skirtrdepending therefrom. The liquid imper- 3*6671235- vious skin is deflected at currents greater than about one knot and the oily substances are treated with a ((51. particulate oleophilic hydrophobic substance less [58] Field of Search.. 6 171,1 F; 210/242, ffi than water i by m quid F 210/1310. 21 S I 2 Claims, 7 Drawing Figures [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,584,462 6/1971 Gadd 210/242 x CONVERTIBLE BARRIER FOR SUBSTANCES FLOATING ON WATER This is a division of application Ser. No. 137,799, filed Apr. 27, 1971 now US. Pat. No. 3,667,225 issued June 6, 1972.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Floating barriers having liquid impervious skirts have been found to be ideal for containing and controlling substances floating on waterwhere the water is substantially free of currents and wave action. Such barriers find particular utility in the control of oil slicks on bodies of water where the water conditions so permit.

Where currents and/or wave action are presentin the body of water, however, liquid impervious skirts have proved to be ineffective in retaining, controlling or confining hydrocarbon slicks. Because of the impervious nature of the barrier, theskirt must withstand great hydrodynamic forces without failing structurally or deflecting to a horizontal position thereby allowing the slick to pass under the barrier.

Even where suitable structural strength and ballasting weight are provided to avoid the above failures, it has been found that currents greater than about one knot perpendicular to the boom form vortexes which draw floating hydrocarbons under the barrier, thereby effectively circumventing the effectiveness of the barrier.

In applicants copending application Serial Number 214, filed Jan. 2, 1970, for Control of Waterborn Oil Slicks, a system is disclosed which overcomes some of the disadvantages of the prior art by providing a barrier' having a fluid pervious skirt which, in conjunction with a particulate oleophilic-hydrophobicmaterial such as that disclosed in applicant's copending application Ser. No. 83,640 filed Oct. 24, 1970, for Process of Separating Hydrocarbons from Water, passes water and retains hydrocarbons absorbed in the material.

SUMMARY or THE INVENTION This invention furnishes a barrier which overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art by providing a floating boom having a water impervious skirt for containing oil slicks or the like in substantially still water and a water pervious skirt for containing oil slicks on water having wave or current movement therein. This invention also provides a barrier which adapts to control oil slicks under any water condition by furnishing a floating boom having water pervious and water impervious skirts, the water impervious skirt deflecting in the presence of currents which would otherwise channel floating oil therepast.

The invention further provides an adaptable barrier for controlling oil slicks in which the water pervious skirt is maintained in a flow intercepting position to act, with a particulate oleophilic-hydrophobic material less dense than water, to filter oil from water flowing therethrough. I r

In a preferred embodiment, this invention includes a flotation means with at least one liquid pervious skirt depending therefrom and a liquid impervious skirt depending from the flotation means in parallel planar relationship to the liquid pervious skirt.

These and other objects and advantages of this invention will become better understood to those skilled in the art by reference to the following detailed description when viewed in light of the accompanying drawing wherein like components throughout the figures are indicated by like numerals and wherein:

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING FIG. 1 is a sectional view through a barrier in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 2 is a view similar to FIG. 1 showing another embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 3A is a modification of the structure shown in FIG. 1. 7

FIGS. 3 and 4 are reduced views of the embodiment of FIG. 1 illustrating the operation thereof; and

FIGS. 5 and 6 are views similar to FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrating the operation of the embodiment of FIG. 2.

In FIG. 1, a barrier, shown generally at 10, comprises a flotation collar 12 with a liquid impervious skirt l4 and a liquid pervious skirt 16 depending therefrom in parallel-planar, coextensive relationship. The flotation collar may be an inflatable tube as illustrated or may be of a flotable material such as polystyrene or polyethylene foam, or an oleophilic-hydrophobic material such as disclosed in applicants copending application Ser.

No. 214. The skirt 14 may be made of any liquid impermeable material having suitable resistance to the environment in which the barrier is likely to be used and suitable flexibility to follow wave and current action and to allow handling and storage thereof.

The skirt 16 is fabricated from a liquid pervious or permeable material such, for example, as a net having a mesh of betewen one-eighth inch and one-fourth inch. Such a skirt may be reinforced with horizontal and vertical structural members (not shown) of some strong, flexible material such as nylon webbing or the like. Any material permeable to water, whether perforated sheet material or woven netting, which has suit- .able flexibility and is compatible with the environment in which the device is to be used is suitable for use in the skirt 16. A horizontal strip of webbing 18 provided with grommets is attached to the lower edge of the skirt l6, and a series of ballast elements 22, suitable to maintain the skirt 16 in a horizontal configuration against all current action and water force are attached to the lower edge of the skirt 16. t

' in that, as was described above, water tends to vortex beneath liquid impermeable skirts at current velocities much in excess of one knot normal to the skirt. The ballast member should therefore be designed to maintain the verticality of the impermeable skirt 14 at current velocities normal to the skirt below about one knot. Such design, dependent upon factors such as density and quantity of the ballast material, height and inherent weight of the skirt, and the total presented area of the skirt, is well within the capabilities of those skilled in the art.

The ballast elements 22 should be of sufficient weight to maintain the verticality of the permeable skirt 16 under all current and sea conditions. Due to the permeability of the skirt l6, and the reduced water forces acting thereon, it is conceivable that, with certain design parameters, the ballast elements 22 and the ballast members 20 could be of about the same unit weight and still accomplish their respective objectives.

With reference to FIGS. 3 and 4, the operation of the barrier of FIG. 1 is illustrated. With the barrier disposed in a body of water 24 having a quantity of oil 26 floating thereon and relatively little or no current therein, the skirts l4 and 16 depend vertically in substantially parallel relationship and the barrier functions in a manner substantially identical to that of conventional liquid impermeable skirted booms. Upon the advent of or in the presence of a current much in excess of about one knot in the direction shown by the arrow in FIG. 3, the impermeable skirt 14 is deflected with the current as shown and the permeable skirt 16 remains to provide a barrier for the oil 26. Where the oil 26 is low in viscosity or when the floating substance is some other less viscous material such as gasoline or the like, the leading edge of the material is preferably thickened up with an oleophilic-hydrophobic material 28 as was described in applicants copending application Ser. No. 83,640. The deflected skirt l4 assumes a position regardless of the current force, which'blocks or otherwise entraps bloom oil traces which may be expressed or otherwise bypass the barrier 10. In this respect, it is conceivable that the skirt 14 could be fabricated from a mat of the above-described oleophilichydrophobic material which could be replaced after use. In this respect, FIG. 3a illustrates, in reduced section, a variation of the embodiment of FIG. 1 wherein the skirt 14 is composed of a mat or blanket 30 of that material. Such a mat will serve as a back-up to absorb trace oil filtering past the material 28 while avoiding the imposition of large drag forces or the initiation or vortexing thereunder which would occur if the mat were to be maintained in a vertical configuration.

In FIG. 2, another embodiment of the invention having dual liquid pervious skirts is illustrated. In this embodiment, components thereof corresponding to like components of the embodiment of FIG. 1 are indicated by like numerals only of the next higher order. In this embodiment, the impervious skirt 114 has, disposed in either side thereof, pervious skirts 116a and l16b with their independent ballasts 122a and 122b, respectively. Such an arrangement has particular advantage in tidal areas where curent reverses direction with tidal periods. As seen in FIG. 5, with the current in the direction indicated by the arrow, the impervious skirt 114 is deflected away from the pervious skirt 11611 leaving it vertically suspended from the flotation collar 112 and deflecting pervious skirt 1160 with it. In FlG. 6, the current is in the opposite direction reversing the deflection of the skirt 114 such that the pervious skirt 116a remains vertical and the skirt ll6b is deflected. By this means, a liquid pervious skirt always remains positioned to block flow of oil 126 and absorbent material 128 regardless of the direction of the current.

What has been set forth above is intended primarily as exemplary to enable those skilled in the art in the practice of the invention.

What is new and desired to be protected by Letters Patent of the United States is:

l. A process for blocking substances floating on water comprising the steps of disposing a planar liquid impervious barrier free to deflect parallel to the surface of the water, said impervious barrier intersecting the surface of the water in a controlling position relative to the substance to be blocked, disposing a liquid pervious barrier on at least the upstream side in coextensive parallel relation to said liquid impervious barrier, and deflecting said impervious barrier to preclude blockage of water flow at water currents greater than about one knot normal to the barrier.

2. A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein said impervious skirt is deflected by the current. 

1. A process for blocking substances floating on water comprising the steps of disposing a planar liquid impervious barrier free to deflect parallel to the surface of the water, said impervious barrier intersecting the surface of the water in a controlling position relative to the substance to be blocked, disposing a liquid pervious barrier on at least the upstream side in coextensive parallel relation to said liquid impervious barrier, and deflecting said impervious barrier to preclude blockage of water flow at water currents greater than about one knot normal to the barrier.
 2. A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein said impervious skirt is deflected by the current. 